Psychosocial factors of cyberbullying experienced by Malaysian public university undergraduates

Abstract

Cyberbullying has emerged as a critical issue among university students in Malaysia, driven by the widespread use of digital technologies and associated with serious psychological consequences. Despite its increasing prevalence, limited research has explored how psychosocial factors shape cyberbullying victimization within the Malaysian higher education context. This study addresses this gap by exploring the psychosocial factors influencing cyberbullying victimization among university students in Malaysia. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving five university students who had experienced cyberbullying. Data was collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that cyberbullying victimization is influenced by an interplay of psychological and social factors. Psychological factors include passive behavior, low self-esteem, irrational beliefs and personality traits, while social factors encompass peer relationships, parenting styles, social media engagement, and online gaming environments. This study suggests that cyberbullying is a multifaceted phenomenon shaped by both individual vulnerabilities and environmental influences. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive, psychosocial-based interventions to support students’ wellbeing and promote safer digital environments in higher education institutions.