International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), p-ISSN: 2252-8822, e-ISSN: 2620-5440 is an interdisciplinary publication of original research and writing on education which publishes papers to international audiences of educational researchers. This journal aims to provide a forum for scholarly understanding of the field of education and plays an important role in promoting the process that accumulated knowledge, values, and skills are transmitted from one generation to another; and to make methods and contents of evaluation and research in education available to teachers, administrators and research workers. The journal encompasses a variety of topics, including child development, curriculum, reading comprehension, philosophies of education and educational approaches, etc. IJERE has been indexed by SCOPUS, and ScimagoJR. Beginning with issue 1 of volume 13 (2024), this journal will be published as a bimonthly journal (6 issues/year). The journal is published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES).
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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Investigating Japanese EFL learners’ communication apprehension and oral presentation strategies
This study examines communication apprehension (CA) and oral presentation strategies among Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learner to understand their impact on verbal communication challenges. Despite educational reforms prioritizing communicative competence, Japanese learners face persistent difficulties, particularly in formal contexts like public speaking. A descriptive quantitative design was employed, and a purposive sampling method was used to select a sample of 140 EFL learners from a private Japanese university. Data was collected using the oral presentation strategies inventory (OPSI) and the personal report of communication apprehension (PRCA). Quantitative analysis via SPSS 29 assessed learners’ apprehension levels and strategy use patterns. Findings revealed moderate CA levels, with interpersonal communication inducing the most anxiety and public speaking causing the least. Learners relied heavily on message reduction and alteration (MRA) strategies, simplifying expressions to manage anxiety, while non-verbal (NV) strategies were minimally utilized. Positive correlations between strategy use and CA highlight the potential of targeted strategies to mitigate apprehension. Practical implications include the need to integrate Japanese cultural values into pedagogy to manage CA through collaborative learning, peer assistance, and structured oral activities, while also balancing accuracy with fluency and utilizing technological tools to support language development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akiko Kamata, Kamisah Ariffin, Roslina Abdul Aziz, Nadhratunnaim Abas, Badli Esham Ahmad, Hiroki Okada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Application of artificial intelligence by university students: Chinese case
The problem of artificial intelligence (AI) use is crucial for understanding how AI creates new opportunities in education. It is proposed an approach designed to elicit precise responses regarding the students’ practical application of AI. The purpose of the research is to investigate Chinese students’ attitude to using AI that affect learning activities. The research design employed the methods of questionnaire and calculating. The questionnaire consisted of questions about using AI for different tasks, assignments, activities. The study was conducted in 2024. The research participants were 187 bachelor students from Shangqiu Normal University in China. A sampling technique was used as the students were selected based on their willingness to participate in the survey. The key findings are: over half of Chinese students use AI for presentations, essays, and projects, while a notable minority do not. More students use AI for professors’ tasks. The highest AI use is for homework. Fewer than half rely on AI for exam preparation, favoring traditional study methods. The conclusion is students in China tend to rely more on AI for routine or repetitive tasks. It is recommended to focus on developing AI literacy programs that guide students in the effective use of AI.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liudmyla Holubnycha, Tetiana Besarab, Tatiana Fomenko, Yaroslav Сhernonkov, Iryna Hontarenko, Tetyana Koshechkina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The fundamental context of SEL for early childhood student teachers in private higher education institutions
This research examined the learning needs and the current social and emotional conditions of early childhood student teachers in private higher education institutions. The sample group responding to the questionnaire comprised 343 undergraduate students majoring in early childhood education. The target group for interviews included nine participants, which consisted of 3 deans, 3 department heads, and 3 lecturers. The research instruments consisted of a questionnaire on the state and needs of social and emotional learning (SEL) and an interview guide on the current social and emotional conditions of early childhood student teachers. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The findings revealed that the state of learning among pre-service teachers was at a low level, while their learning needs were high. Furthermore, the current conditions indicated that pre-service teachers require enhanced SEL opportunities. Activities fostering such learning should be designed, including group work, experiential learning, listening to others, and engaging in discussions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yupawadee Promsatien, Ariyabhorn Kuroda, Suwadee Aerarunchot, Sungwean Pinagalang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
University students’ perceptions on developing constructivist learning approach in classroom settings
This study investigated tertiary students’ perceptions regarding constructivist learning in the context of higher education in Vietnam. It aimed to examine the general perceptions of university students towards constructivist learning and the effects of constructivist learning on students’ learning outcomes. It also examined the conditions that make students more likely to embrace or resist these approaches. The study evaluated the engagement of students in problem-solving activities through the use of constructivist learning methods. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative data. Specifically, the study involved a survey of 384 students from Hanoi Law University, using a researcher-made Likert-scale questionnaire and semi-structured interviews of 20 students from the sample. While descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data, the qualitative data were thematically analyzed for common themes and patterns. The results indicate that although the participants acknowledge the benefits of constructivist methods, particularly in fostering critical thinking and problem-solving, there is still uncertainty about their ability to engage in a self-directed learning approach. The findings suggest that while the constructivist approach has been recognized, practical efforts have not been made in teaching practices, teacher training, and assessment methods to create an interactive, student-centered learning environment in Vietnam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cuc Thi Doan, Tuan Van Vu, Ai Nhan Nguyen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing teachers’ digital literacy for security: a systematic review of frameworks and analytical methods in education
The rising use of digital tools in education emphasizes the crucial need of teachers’ digital security, which relies on strong digital literacy. This study assesses teachers’ digital literacy on digital security literature to meet the urgent need for safe practices in schools due to increased security breaches. A total of 30 studies were reviewed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria to build frameworks and data analysis methodologies in this field. Five research areas were identified: teacher perspectives, security-related issues, educational impacts, pedagogical approaches, and instrument validation. The predominant framework used was the digital competence framework for citizens (DigComp), however hybrid frameworks that integrate other theoretical perspectives were highly commended for their comprehensive approach. The 30% of the studies focused on security issues, including cyberbullying and data protection, while 70% incorporated security dimensions into digital literacy frameworks. Quantitative approaches comprising 60%, including t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in several studies to examine complex relationships. Although current research predominantly emphasizes quantitative methods, future investigations could enhance knowledge of teachers’ digital literacy and security by integrating SEM with artificial neural networks (ANN). This review emphasizes the necessity for hybrid frameworks and sophisticated approaches to enhance research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadirah Othman, Nor Aslily Sarkam, Norhayati Baharun, Teoh Sian Hoon, Suraya Masrom, Nor Faezah Mohamad Razi, Abdullah Sani Abd Rahman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Determinants of integrated teaching capacity among teachers in ethnic minority primary schools in northern Vietnam
This study explores factors affecting the integrated teaching capacity of primary school teachers in ethnic minority schools in the Northern mountainous regions of Vietnam. Given the challenges of linguistic and cultural diversity in this context, the research aims to address gaps in current practices and propose measures for improvement. A quantitative approach was adopted, surveying 280 teachers and administrators using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression. The results identify four primary factors influencing teaching capacity: i) language, culture, and parent coordination; ii) teacher capacity and community participation; iii) teaching materials, equipment, and teacher attitudes; and iv) policies and support from management agencies. Among these, language, culture, and parent coordination are the most impactful. The study underscores the need for targeted teacher training programs and improved collaboration with local communities to enhance teaching outcomes. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and educators to improve integrated teaching in ethnically diverse and economically challenged regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hang Nguyen Thi Thu, Chuyen T. H. Nguyen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Content validity of an innovative behavior rubric for polytechnic engineering students
In engineering education, fostering innovative behaviors is crucial for preparing students to tackle complex, real-world challenges. Developing an assessment tool or rubric that accurately measures innovative behavior is essential to provide educators with the means to systematically evaluate students’ innovative potential. This article mainly focuses on assessing the content validity of the innovative behavior assessment rubric, which is designed to measure the innovative behavior of engineering students. The rubric was designed around three core dimensions: problem recognition, idea generation, and idea implementation. Content validity was assessed using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI), scale-level content validity index (S-CVI), and modified kappa statistic. Expert evaluations resulted in a final 35-item rubric, with an overall S-CVI of 0.85, indicating high content validity. Items with I-CVI values below 0.70 were either revised or removed to ensure relevance and clarity. The study highlights the importance of expert judgment in the validation process and underscores the utility of both I-CVI and kappa in refining assessment tools. Future research will focus on construct and criterion validation, as well as practical application across diverse educational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nor Aisyah Che Derasid, Aede Hatib Musta’amal @ Jamal, Nornazira Suhairom, Hary Suswanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A quantitative study of work values: perspectives of Vietnamese high school students
In the context of Vietnam’s rapidly changing labor market, understanding the work values of youth has become essential for effective career guidance. By using a quantitative method to examine the work values of high school students in Vietnam, with a particular focus on the impact of gender differences. A sample of 544 students (327 female, 217 male) completing the work value questionnaire (WVQ), a validated instrument that underwent reliability testing and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to ensure robustness. The WVQ, using a Likert scale from 1 to 5, assessed values including power (POW), benevolence (BEN), self-direction (SDI), tradition (TRA), and stimulation (STI). The results revealed that BEN and POW are dominated, with female students showing a greater inclination toward social values and self-assertive roles than male students do. BEN is received the highest mean score (4.09), followed by POW (4.03), while SDI, TRA, and STI are scored lower. These findings highlight the importance of aligning educational and career guidance programs with students’ core values, taking gender differences into account to create a supportive, inclusive environment for career decision-making. This research offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers, informing the development of vocational education strategies that are ensured by the diverse work value orientations of students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thanh-Thuy Ngo, Thang The Nguyen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Beat the cheat: tendencies of academic misconduct and teachers’ interventions
This research employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques across two phases to explore the prevalence of academic misconduct (AM) and the interventions implemented by educators. Data were gathered from randomly selected students and purposively chosen teachers using structured and semi-structured questionnaires, based on specific criteria. The findings revealed significant occurrences of AM among students, including practices such as plagiarism, copying from websites, and sharing quiz answers via social media. Teachers also reported these behaviors, highlighting the multifaceted motivations behind students’ engagement in AM. In response to these challenges, educators implemented a range of interventions. These included confirmatory communication through phone calls and text messages, the introduction of gamified learning activities, constructive feedback on plagiarized work, and supportive outreach via private messages. In some cases, home visits were conducted to reinforce accountability. The study identified four key outcomes of these interventions: student compliance with academic integrity measures, acceptance of the consequences of misconduct, receptivity to feedback, and the phenomenon known as “Ningas Kugon” mentality, which describes inconsistent or transient changes in student behavior. Hence, this inquiry provides valuable insights into the dynamics of AM and the effectiveness of various educator interventions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lauro Santiago Aspiras, Emma Daynos Aspiras http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A qualitative study on factors of management institute: alumni association contributing to the institute’s growth
Institutes imparting management education in India are rising in numbers. They are struggling to keep in pace with the competition and are facing several challenges. After studying these challenges, researchers have proposed several approaches including better advertisement, having experienced faculty and attracting companies for recruitment as possible areas for improvements. One of the proposed areas that seems to address a variety of the challenges, is having a better institute-alumni association. The research conducted on the alumni-institute association thus far have highlighted only a limited number of areas. Hence, this grounded study was conducted to bring forth all the possible factors and the sub factors of association between the alumni and the institute. This is a qualitative study that uses dialogic theory as an underpinning theory to aid data collection and analysis. The 13 decision makers with minimum of 15 years of teaching/administration experience in post graduate institutes were interviewed. The empirical data was analyzed using code analysis technique. The analysis presented a model of factors and sub factors to enable better institute-alumni association. The model clearly identifies the areas to focus on for developing a strong alumni association. One of the foremost findings of the research is the identification of the need for institute’s contribution in alumni growth and the ways to make this happen. Institute risk identification is another important area for alumni contribution. The developed model serves as a ready reckoner for the management institutes in its pursuit of growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raghav Sandhane, Kanchan Patil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of hybrid education in higher education: a systematic review
In recent times, educational initiatives such as hybrid education have positioned themselves as important approaches to ensure the continuity of education during a period as complicated as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the objective of this article is to explore the rise and development of hybrid education worldwide in recent years as a viable alternative within higher education institutions, through a systematic review of the literature applying the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method. From this review, it is observed that hybrid education has experienced significant progress during the COVID-19 pandemic, given the transition to virtuality that was experienced and the rise of new digital technologies that prove useful for this approach. At the same time, the interest shown by both students and teachers in adopting this new approach instead of a purely face-to-face or virtual one has become evident, although there are still several challenges to overcome before it can be properly implemented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Hugo Herencia-Escalante, William Jesús Cardenas-Zedano, Jimena Angelica Etchart-Puza, Sergio Arturo Rojas Chacaltana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Tailoring collaborative learning with jigsaw and VARK: a case study in teaching physics with environmental protection
Collaboration is a crucial 21st century skill, requiring learning environments that foster teamwork while leveraging students’ individual strengths. This study aimed to enhance collaboration using the jigsaw strategy, which was adapted to students’ learning styles based on the model: visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic (VARK). The study involved 27 tenth-grade students in Ho Chi Minh City and focused on the topic “physics with environmental protection.” Students were initially grouped by learning styles into expert groups and later reorganized into mixed jigsaw groups to collaboratively address tasks related to environmental issues. A quasi-experimental design was employed, utilizing pre- and post-test self-assessment surveys, video observations, and group discussions to assess collaborative performance. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, while qualitative data provided deeper insights. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in team support (p=0.030), suggesting that aligning learning tasks with students’ styles foster group cohesion. However, participation and contribution showed minimal improvement, with students preferring reading/writing styles facing challenges in adapting to group activities. While the integration of jigsaw and VARK proved effective in enhancing collaboration, the study underscores the need to develop strategies to accommodate diverse learning preferences. Future research should involve larger sample sizes and consider teachers’ perspectives to optimize the practical implementation of learning styles in collaborative learning environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ngan Hai My Le, Anh Thi Kim Nguyen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Proposal for a learner model adapted for personalized tutoring based on IMS-LIP and PAPI
The effectiveness of online tutoring systems largely depends on their ability to adapt to the individual needs of learners, to personalize learning activities, and to provide immediate and effective assessment and remediation. This effectiveness can only be ensured if accurate information is available regarding learners’ progress and learning profiles. In this article, we aim to propose a learner model tailored to the specificities of our academic support system, incorporating learning functions that enable personalized tutoring based on students’ needs. For this purpose, this study began with a literature review of existing learner models. We focused on five representative samples of the most widely used learner models in current learning systems: instructional management system-learner information package (IMS-LIP), public and private information for learners (PAPI), CARCHIOLO, knowledge on demand (KOD), and learner model for personalized adaptation (LMPA). We examined their characteristics and then compared them based on the following criteria: adaptability, user preferences, personalized learning, pedagogical requirements, assessment, and remediation, to evaluate their potential for integration into our system. The study revealed that these models present several limitations, which led us to propose a new learner model based on the PAPI and IMS-LIP standards. This proposal incorporates a semantic ontological structure that categorizes learner characteristics into six domains: preferences, pedagogy, administration, identification, learning, and assessment. The proposed model represents a promising solution for adapting learning processes to individual learner profiles, thereby fostering more effective and engaging educational experiences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Soukaina Nai, Amal Rifai, Abdelalim Sadiq, Bahaa Eddine Elbaghazaou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of a digital literacy through workshop training programs on older adults: a quasi-experimental study
In Bangkok, Thailand, workshop training programs aimed at enhancing digital literacy among older adults have been developed. The objective of this study was to assess whether a structured digital literacy workshop could improve mobile device proficiency among older adults in Bangkok. This program consisted of six workshops focusing on mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. This quasi-experimental study investigates the impact of these workshops on digital device usage among urban community adults aged 60 and above. Digital literacy was assessed using the mobile device proficiency questionnaire (MDPQ-16) at three stages, they are baseline (pretest), immediately after program completion (post-intervention), and one month later (follow-up). A total of 84 older adults participated in these workshop training programs. Our findings indicate a significant increase in mobile device proficiency (P<.000). Participants showed substantial improvement in digital literacy at both the posttest and intervention assessments compared to pretest, with no significant difference observed between posttest and intervention scores. However, participants aged 70 and older with lower education levels demonstrated comparatively lower levels of digital literacy. These findings underscore the importance of implementing structured and accessible digital literacy training for older adults, particularly for those with lower educational attainment, to reduce digital disparities and promote inclusive access to essential digital services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruthairat Siriwattanarat, Kittikhun Meethongjan, Ornuma Charoensuk, Donsak Tsailexthim, Weerawich Wongroj http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Digital literacy and cybersecurity in higher education: the unseen power of academic librarians
The increasing reliance on digital technologies in higher education has amplified the need for students to develop digital literacy and cybersecurity awareness. However, many undergraduate students lack the competencies required for responsible and secure digital engagement, posing significant risks in the digital landscape. Academic librarians, as key facilitators of information literacy, are uniquely positioned to address these challenges, yet their roles in promoting digital literacy and cybersecurity awareness remain underexplored. The study addresses the following key issues: how do academic librarians play their roles on undergraduate students’ digital literacy and cyber security awareness; what are the challenges related to library initiatives; and, perhaps most importantly, what are the strategies do librarians employ to improve it? Using a qualitative research methodology, data were collected through interviews with six academic librarians and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that academic librarians play critical roles in fostering digital literacy and cybersecurity by teaching information literacy, promoting ethical online behavior, and enhancing students’ digital safety practices. Challenges identified include limited resources, diverse digital skill levels among students, and difficulties in maintaining student engagement. Librarians address these issues through strategies such as faculty collaboration, integrating digital literacy programs, employing interactive learning tools, and pursuing continuous professional development. This research offers actionable insights for integrating digital literacy and cybersecurity initiatives into library services, improving librarian training, and enhancing the sustainability and visibility of academic libraries within higher education institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Fazli Baharuddin, Abdurrahman Jalil, Zahari Mohd Amin, Fadhilnor Rahmad, Shamila Mohamed Shuhidan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Understanding the link between graduate experiences and workforce integration in physical education and sports science
Graduate employability remains a critical challenge in higher education in fields with diverse career pathways like physical education and sports science (PESS). Despite efforts to enhance employability through curriculum improvements and institutional support, gaps persist in workforce integration, particularly for non-teaching graduates. This study investigates the relationship between higher education experiences and employment outcomes among PESS graduates. Using data from 274 alumni of a state university in the Philippines, the study employed binary logistic regression to assess the influence of specialization, postgraduate education, and institutional support on employability. Results indicate that graduates in the teaching track were significantly more likely to secure employment as professional educators, while non-teaching graduates faced challenges aligning their careers with their academic background. Enrollment in postgraduate education emerged as a strong predictor of employment, however, curriculum evaluation and overall university experience were not immediate predictors of employability, though long-term employment outcomes were positively associated with graduates’ perceptions of their academic training. These findings reinforce the need for higher education institutions (HEIs) to strengthen career development initiatives for non-teaching graduates and enhance work-integrated learning (WIL) opportunities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bryan M. Nozaleda, Jasmin B. Saquing, Maricel L. Dayag-Tungpalan, Hans Freyzer B. Arao, Chita C. Ramos, Daniel T. Casauay http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Classroom climate and absenteeism: modeling English achievement mediated by engagement
This study investigates the intricate relationships between positive classroom climate, student engagement, English as a second language (ESL) achievement, and absenteeism among 240 secondary school students in West Bengal, India. Addressing a significant research gap within the multilingual Indian ESL context, the study proposes and tests a novel multiple mediation structural model using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings reveal that a positive classroom climate significantly predicts higher student engagement (β=.598, p<0.001) and ESL achievement (β=0.476, p<0.001). Crucially, both engagement (β=-0.250, p=0.002) and ESL achievement (β=-0.186, p=0.015) are negatively associated with absenteeism, with classroom climate exerting substantial indirect effects on attendance (total indirect effect β=-0.238, p<0.001). This research, aligned with sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4): quality and inclusive education, provides empirical evidence for fostering supportive learning environments and engagement practices to simultaneously improve academic outcomes and reduce absenteeism, particularly for ESL learners in underserved contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Palash Majumder, Nimisha Beri, Salil Biswas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluating mathematics teachers’ usage of online tools to enhance learning performance of high school students
The application of digital technologies to teach mathematics is increasing and how educators use these tools and their impact on the performance of students needs to be sufficiently researched. In this study, we explore middle school mathematics teachers’ utilization of Algebra Nation (AN), an online instructional resource, to supplement instruction and improve the performance of their mathematics students, particularly in algebra. A survey was conducted involving 596 teachers and a quasi-experimental trial. We examined the relationship between AN use and Algebra I end-of-course (EOC) exam performance. The findings showed that engagement in AN observed through student login, video watches, and professional teacher development is associated with improved student’s success rates in mathematics. This study also revealed that challenges such as digital disparity, data privacy issues, and professional teacher development were identified to impact the effective implementation of digital technologies in teaching mathematics. This study recommends that there should be systematic integration of web resources, combined with targeted teacher training to significantly enhance mathematics instruction. These conclusions inform future technology adoption and policymaking, with emphasis on equal access and systemic teacher support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olajumoke Olayemi Salami, Erica Dorethea Spangenberg http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Psychometric validation of Arabic attention control scale: reliability, correlation, PCA, and CFA analyses
The scarcity of reliable tools to measure attention control among Arabic speaking learners represents a key research problem. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the Arabic version of the attention control scale (ACS). The research was conducted on a sample of (N=210) Moroccan students in their second year of middle school (2023/2024), using precise translation methods, including “forward and backward translation”. The reliability of the scale was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.832), McDonald’s omega (Ʊ=0.820), and split-half reliability (ρ=0.870). The factor structure of the scale was verified using principal component analysis (PCA), while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the model’s goodness of fit (χ²=1689.398, df=66, *p<.001; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)=0.672). The results showed statistically significant correlations between the scale’s dimensions: general attention control (GA), attention focusing (AF), and attention shifting (AS) (*p<.001). The findings confirmed that the 12 item Arabic version of the ACS (short version) has strong psychometric properties with factor loadings ranging from 0.311 to 0.825. This study is considered an important step in developing attention assessment tools for learners in the Arab educational context. It provides a standardized scale to measure the attention process, which helps enable teachers to accurately diagnose attention difficulties and provide targeted educational interventions. These interventions contribute to improving learners’ focus and engagement, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of the educational process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amine Khadraoui, Abdellah Barebzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Influences of educational and personal contexts on self-efficacy and job satisfaction of public elementary school teachers
Enhancing teachers’ performance and sense of fulfillment in their roles is essential for advancing educational quality and promoting their overall well-being. This study investigates the determinants of teachers’ self-efficacy within a supportive school culture, as well as the factors influencing their job satisfaction, focusing on both educational and personal contexts among public elementary school teachers within a supportive school culture, focusing on educational and personal contexts. Utilizing a sample of 97 teachers from 13 schools in the Philippines, the research employs a causal-comparative design and surveys to gather data. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate no significant differences in self-efficacy and job satisfaction across age groups. The Mann-Whitney U test reveals a significant difference in self-efficacy between male and female teachers, with the latter reporting higher levels, while no significant gender differences were observed in job satisfaction. Likewise, no significant differences were found across career stages in both efficacy and satisfaction. A multivariate analysis of variance reveals that a supportive school culture has a significant impact on teachers’ self-efficacy and also on their job satisfaction. These results emphasize the critical role of nurturing a supportive school environment to enhance teacher well-being and effectiveness. The study provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for improving educational quality and teacher satisfaction through targeted interventions in school culture and opportunities for career advancement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ellaine Joy G. Eusebio, Philip R. Baldera1, Aljay Marc C. Patiam, Charton F. Sombria, Jacel Ruz F. Gan, Connie G. Castillo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Determining student progression rates using discrete-time Markov chain model
This study aims to analyze and understand the student progression from the Bachelor of Science in Mathematics (BS Math) program. A discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) model was used to analyze data from 211 students enrolled from 2011-2012 to 2022-2023. The results reveal that there are students who will be retained in their year level, shift to another degree program, or drop. Additionally, the highest risk of shifting or dropping out of the program happens during the first two semesters in college or for first year in college. A bottleneck effect during the second year and third year was identified. Furthermore, the results suggest that there will be an approximately 35.22% graduation rate after eight semesters or four years, implying a large portion of BS Math students will be retained or dropped from the program, or shifted to other degree programs. To avoid such, it is suggested that the Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department should conduct review sessions, bridging programs, and continuous promotion. Lastly, it is suggested to conduct thorough studies about the possible intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the student progression to formulate a more specific intervention that may help in reducing the shifting and dropping rate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mark John T. Mangsat, Daniel Bezalel A. Garcia, Andhee M. Jacobe, Maricel A. Bongolan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Resilience as a shield: protective and risk factors in a mediation model of cyberbullying among Thai secondary students
This study examined cyberbullying among 366 lower secondary studentsin Northern Thailand, confirming a four-component model (masquerade (MAS), exclusion (EXC), harassment (HAR), and outing (OUT)) with excellent empirical fit. Structural equation modeling revealed resilience as the strongest protective factor against cyberbullying behaviors (β=-0.282), while authoritarian parenting (AUT) emerged as a significant risk factor (β=0.195). AUT undermined self-esteem (β=-0.162) and social relationships (β=-0.267). Self-esteem proved to be a powerful resilience builder (β=0.578). Media influence showed a direct negative relationship with cyberbullying (β=-0.196) while diminishing resilience. Resilience functioned as a partial mediator between AUT and cyberbullying (variance accounted for (VAF)=0.201), demonstrating how harsh parenting indirectly increases cyberbullying risk by eroding psychological coping mechanisms. Resilience served as a complete mediator between self-esteem and cyberbullying (VAF=0.891), revealing that healthy self-perception primarily protects against cyberbullying by strengthening psychological resilience. Additionally, resilience operated as a competitive mediator in pathways involving social networks and media influence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wiranya Junnoi, Suntonrapot Damrongpanit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The components and indicators of professional learning community: the guidelines for educational quality improvement
A professional learning community (PLC) is a group of educational personnel who come together to exchange knowledge, develop, and collaboratively solve problems related to improving instructional practices and school issues. The common goal is to develop students’ competencies. PLCs have the potential to transform the quality of educational results significantly. Consequently, studying the components and indicators of a PLC and conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of PLC models can help schools understand the key factors and practices that contribute to PLC success. This knowledge can be applied to develop a strong PLC within the school. The study of components and indicators of the PLC is exploratory research. The samples consisted of 1,080 administrators and heads of the subject group from 120 schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, randomized by multi-stage random sampling. The research tool was a 4-level rating scale questionnaire. Research findings indicate that the CFA of PLCs aligns with empirical evidence. All components in the PLC model have significant factor loadings ranging from 0.916 to 0.945 at the 0.01 level (p<0.01). When ranked from highest to lowest, these components are: i) supportive conditions–structures; ii) shared values and vision; iii) collective learning and application; iv) Shared and supportive leadership; v) supportive conditions–relationships; and vi) shared personal practice. All of these are essential components of a PLC and serve as an important mechanism for educational personnel to work together to improve the quality of schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Korakeng Klinthaisong, Jatuphum Ketchatturat, Charuni Samat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Factors influencing enrollment intention in private schools
The growth in private school student enrollment in Malaysia has prompted institutions to upgrade to stay competitive in the market. However, despite the increasing number of private schools, regrettably, only a few studies have focused on the factors that influence private school enrollment. This study examines the relationship between social influences (SI), school environment (SE), characteristics, parent-administration-teacher relationship (PAT), and private school enrolment intention in Malaysia. It uses a quantitative method and G*Power to determine the minimum sample size. Data was gathered from 135 respondents who have enrolled at least one child in private schools using questionnaire surveys. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that SI and school characteristics (SC) significantly and positively correlated with enrolment intention. The PAT was not significantly associated with enrolment intention. This study clearly shows that SI factors and SCs are crucial for enrolment intention in private schools. The management should develop and implement marketing strategies that effectively tackle current market challenges by focusing on SI and improving the SC. They can tailor the marketing strategy with electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) for SI and apply learning analytics for SC.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lim Lee Ping, Ong Choon Hee, Tan Owee Kowang, Lim Kim Yew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The level of scientific research skills of the biology students in the Philippines
Scientific research is essential in advancing human knowledge and in driving technological advancements. Students in the bachelor of science in biology program are expected to accomplish scientific research as a curriculum requirement. Possessing scientific research skills is essential for producing high-quality research outputs. A scale for assessing scientific research skills among senior high school students is available, however, there is an instrumentation gap in evaluating these skills at the tertiary level. In this regard, a research gap also exists in the assessment of students’ scientific research skills. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the JAMOVI software was utilized to establish the validity and reliability of the scientific research skill scale. The study included 133 officially enrolled biology students who voluntarily agreed to participate. The results provided compelling evidence that the tool effectively assesses scientific research skills in three key areas: scientific information development skills, scientific research management skills, and scientific research processing skills. This also affirmed the relevance of the three key areas in the biology program. The results also revealed that the level of scientific research skills of the students is on the average level across all three areas. This reflected an existing issue in the field of scientific research as mastery of skills is crucial in producing quality output, hence the study has significant implications for curriculum developers and policymakers of higher education institutions. There is a need to revisit the curriculum and to incorporate opportunities to enhance scientific research skills across various science subjects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chillet G. Credo, Justin Vianey M. Embalsado, Jed V. Madlambayan, Rich Paulo S. Lim, Maica S. Pineda, Ricardo C. Salunga, Arnel A. Diego, Tracy John A. Credo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Environmental and psychological influences on adolescents’ self-concept: teacher-student relationship as a moderator
Adolescence is a critical stage for the development of self-concept and psychological resilience. However, the impact of environmental and psychological factors on adolescents’ self-concept through psychological resilience has not been fully explored. Meanwhile, the discussion on whether the teacher-student relationship moderates the relationship between psychological resilience and self-concept is relatively rare. Based on cognitive-behavioral and social learning theories, this study collected data from 404 Chinese adolescents through a questionnaire survey. It employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. The study found that environmental and psychological factors significantly influence adolescents’ psychological resilience, and psychological resilience mediates the relationship between environmental and psychological factors and self-concept. Moreover, the teacher-student relationship moderates psychological resilience and self-concept, particularly the positive teacher-student relationship, significantly promoting adolescents’ self-concept. This research highlights the critical influence of psychological resilience and teacher-student relationships in shaping adolescents’ self-concept. It provides empirical support for educational practice, highlighting the key role of environment, psychological factors, and good teacher-student relationships in adolescents’ mental health and self-concept development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Critical factors shaping project-based learning in mathematics education
A total of 488 observations from secondary and high school teachers were randomly divided into two groups for conducting analysis: 244 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 244 for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The experimental results from EFA revealed six latent factors, accumulating for over 68.43% of the variance in the data. The CFA reports validated the 6-factor model, demonstrating strong model fit indices and ensuring high reliability and validity. These factors discovered and named in this study are as: facilities and teaching support, capacity to organize project-based learning (PjBL), perception of PjBL, readiness for PjBL, teachers’ confidence in applying PjBL, and students’ characteristics. The findings validated these latent factors’ model as a comprehensive framework for understanding the essential aspects of organizing PjBL. By addressing both the identification and empirical validation of influencing factors, the study thoroughly responds to the research questions and strengthens the overall contribution to the field. This study is novel in its development and validation of a context-specific measurement model for PjBL in mathematics education, particularly within the Vietnamese educational context, where empirically grounded models of this nature remain scarce. Furthermore, it offers valuable practical information for teachers, educational administrators, and researchers to enhance and promote the effective application of PjBL in mathematics education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chung Xuan Pham, Hang Thi My Nguyen, Giang Thi Chau Nguyen, Lam Thi Hong Thai, Dung Thi Truong http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Explore activities management to support the care and education of public preschools
This study aims to explore the contents of the management of support activities for care and education, as well as the impacts of these activities on improving the quality of support and care for children in public preschools in Thu Duc city, Vietnam. To achieve this purpose, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used through the evaluation of relevant documents. At the same time, a survey of 175 people, including managers, teachers, and parents of students, was conducted. The research results show that although the management of support activities for care and education for children in public preschools has achieved some good results, it still reveals many limitations that need to be identified and addressed with appropriate solutions. Based on the assessment of the current situation and identification of the causes, this study has proposed suitable solutions to improve the quality of support activities for care and education for children in public schools in Thu Duc city.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thuan Van Pham, LongAn Dang Nguyen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mapping research trends in innovative pedagogies: a bibliometric analysis
This study examines global research trends in innovative pedagogy through a bibliometric analysis of 901 Scopus-indexed publications from 2022 to 2024. Despite the growing importance of innovative pedagogy in modern education, a systematic evaluation of its research landscape is still limited. This study bridges this gap by analyzing key trends, including influential works, authors, citation networks, and emerging themes. Using VOSviewer for data visualization, the findings reveal a growing research focus on AI-driven learning, immersive technologies, and problem-based methodologies. The analysis highlights the social sciences as the dominant field (45.3%), with increasing contributions from computer science and engineering. The United States, Australia, China, and India emerge as leading contributors, while developing regions show an increasing presence in pedagogical innovation. Research indicates a shift towards digital and experiential learning environments, yet challenges such as digital accessibility, equity, and ethical concerns persist. The study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and policy interventions to tackle these challenges. By providing a comprehensive overview of the research landscape, this study serves as a roadmap for educators, policymakers, and researchers to promote sustainable and inclusive advancements in innovative pedagogy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Eeffah Awang, Hafizhah Zulkifli, Mohd Isa Hamzah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Curriculum educators' perceived challenges in applying quality assessment criteria
This cross-sectional quantitative study investigates the implementation challenges of national quality assurance (QA) in Vietnam’s higher medical education system, with a focus on faculty engagement and educator perception during medical curriculum redesign. Conducted at Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, a public institution dedicated to professional healthcare qualifications, the study applies the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) quality assessment framework, which defines 11 standards central to quality assessment implementation in various domains. Results reveal that standard 4 (teaching and learning approach) received the lowest average score, highlighting significant barriers to implementation. Standards 1, 3, and 5 also emerged as areas of concern. Difficulty in applying quality assessment criteria varied by educator characteristics: younger, less experienced faculty with limited academic credentials, and no prior quality assessment training reported greater difficulty, while senior educators with quality assessment training demonstrated higher compliance and ease in application. To strengthen educator compliance and enable effective QA implementation, the study recommends targeted training programs and support resources for faculty, particularly for early-career educators. These findings offer practical guidance for policymakers, administrators, and academic leaders involved in medical curriculum redesign and QA reforms within Vietnam’s higher education landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thi-Thuy-Dung Ngo, Ngoc Tran Bao, Anh Hua Thi Tu, Nhu Huynh Yen, Tuong Thi Khanh Tran, Ha Nguyen Nam http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Predicting Emirati student academic outcomes: school tracks and standardized tests
Global education systems apply grouping strategies to enhance academic outcomes. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has developed school tracks to address performance gaps by offering more varied high-school tracks while also creating a local Emirates Standardized Tests (EmSAT) for measurement. This study examines the impact of educational tracks in Emirati schools and EmSAT scores on UAE university students’ academic performance. A quantitative multivariate analysis of 3,190 University of Sharjah students compared the outcomes across different high school tracks and analyzed the predictive power of EmSAT scores on university cumulative grade point average (CGPA). EmSAT scores vary significantly by tracks, with elite students performing best, followed by those in the advanced and scientific tracks. Arabic and mathematics EmSAT scores predict CGPA more strongly than English, which has a moderate effect. General track students achieve higher CGPAs compared to other tracks, even after controlling EmSAT performance and gender, suggesting a complex relationship between high school experiences and university success. The findings highlight the track model’s effectiveness, with the elite fostering strong academic pathways. However, the overlap in university achievement between the general and advanced warrants further research. The study provides insights for policymakers to refine educational strategies and enhance student outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatima Al-Ali, John Rice http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The impact of work concerns on teaching effectiveness: evidence from Chinese private universities
Understanding how young teachers cope with work concerns is crucial for improving teaching quality in Chinese private higher education. This study investigates the relationship between different stages of such concerns and teacher effectiveness of young lecturers in private universities. These lecturers often face workload pressure andlack of career supports, which may influence their effectiveness and professional development. This research involved 416 full-time lecturers under the age of 40 from Shandong Province. The sample was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s formula and selected through a multi-stage sampling method. Private universities were stratified into four categories, one university from each category was purposively selected, and participants were randomly sampled. Data were gatheredthrough a structured questionnaire adapted from the stages of concern (SoC) and the school teacher effectiveness questionnaire (STEQ). Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted for analysis. The results show that task concerns and impact concerns significantly influenced teacher effectiveness across instructional planning and strategies, assessment, and learning environment. In contrast, self-concerns showed weaker influence. These findings suggest that work concerns reflect not only stress but also deeper professional motivation, pointing to the need for more purposeful supports to increase teacher effectiveness and career growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liang Mingyu, Mohd Khairuddin Abdullah, Connie Shin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Crowdsourcing in Kazakhstan’s higher education in the system of dual education as predictor of universal competencies
The rapid transformation of professional competencies and the emergence of new professions every 3-5 years have accentuated the quest for effective means to facilitate the process of predicting future universal competencies among university graduates. An empirical study was conducted in three stages: organizational, investigative, and analytical. The crowdsourcing process algorithm comprised information gathering, idea generation, filtering, and voting. The findings suggest the feasibility of applying crowdsourced forecasting in the educational sector, where a clear trend towards alignment with real sectors of the economy and constantly changing market business environment conditions is evident. Calculations revealed that consensus decision-making was achieved regarding competencies such as 3D modeling and computer graphics, multilingualism, emotional intelligence, project management competencies, legal literacy, neural networks and big data, intercultural communication, digital competencies, export potential of the agricultural sector, logistics outsourcing, systems thinking, virtual reality competencies, artificial intelligence proficiency, analytics, and critical thinking, as confirmed by the analysis of variance. Forecasts indicated a predominance of subject-specific competencies associated with the growing volatility of the Kazakhstani labor market. The formulated profile of future universal competency development serves as an additional guideline in the development of educational programs (EPs) in professional training directions. Modified crowdsourcing design and methodology for measuring results can be utilized or adapted for addressing other challenges facing the higher education system that require feedback.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mukhtar Tolegen, Botagoz Baymuhambetova, Irina Rovnyakova, Natalya Radchenko, Svetlana Sakhariyeva, Perizate Anafia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Unveiling the emotional labor of overseas Filipino international teachers
Emotional labor at work typically manifests through surface acting and deep acting. This phenomenological study examines the emotional labor experienced by 15 international Filipino teachers working in the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), the research explores their reasons for teaching abroad, as well as the challenges they face and how they navigate them emotionally. A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews and framed narratives. Each participant engaged in one individual interview and one focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to generate key themes. Findings show that deep acting involves emotional control, display of positive emotions, emotional exhaustion, experience of negative emotions, and emotional indifference toward self. In contrast, surface acting includes masking emotions, projecting artificial feelings, and withdrawal behaviors. The five major themes emerged as contributing factors to emotional labor: cultural adjustment, language barrier, professional challenges, limited support networks, and work-life balance. Coping strategies identified include emotional regulation, positive cognitive response, support from family and peers, and participation in recreational activities. These nuanced findings offer important insights for international teacher preparation, emotional well-being, and future research on cross-cultural educational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leomar O. Baylosis, Ivy F. Amante, Rovy M. Banguis, Aldin Paul S. Genovia, Shem A. Cedeño http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Numeracy skills students profile of Riau Province: content and construct instrument-based Riau culture and evaluation results
Numeracy is an important ability of students and a foundation for future success. This research aimed to develop instruments, evaluate, and compare students’ numeracy skills of 12 regencies of Riau Province, Indonesia. The research population was every junior high school student in Riau Province with 260,787 students. The research sample is made up of some students who were taken by multiple random sampling of 1,193 students. The data collection technique of this research was the survey approach, with the main instrument being a multiple-choice test. Eight analysis data were used in this research: content validity, Cronbach alpha reliability, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability construct, descriptive, and one-way ANOVA. The content validity analysis showed that 4 items have to be revised because of the ambiguous sentences. Cronbach alpha reliability was acquired at 0.872 with the accepted category. CFA analysis showed 19 indicators as constructs were valid categories. Overall, the numeracy skills of 12 regency students of Riau Province were not a good category. One-way ANOVA analysis showed there was a significant difference in students’ numeracy skills between 12 districts in Riau Province, with a significant value of 0.000.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dedek Andrian, Nofriyandi, Reni Wahyuni, Febri Loska, Siti Nurhalimah, Zubaidah Amir MZ, Risnawati, Siti Maisaroh, Editha Dacara, Riyan Hidayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The adaptation of Venezuelan migrants from an educational perspective in Peru and Ecuador
Migration processes in the world promote socio-cultural, environmental and economic changes. The migrant population commonly suffers from discrimination, xenophobia, and labor abuse, with the educational level being a very important incentive for the adequate adaptation of the migrant. Peru and Ecuador host close to two million migrants; therefore, we sought to identify the educational level, living conditions, environmental care, and labor conditions of the migrant population and the level of association between them. For this purpose, a descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out using a 24-question questionnaire to 120 migrants over 18 years of age who voluntarily participated in the study. The results showed that 50% had a fair level of education, 35% had a poor level, and only 15% had a good level. A total of 56.67% had a poor standard of living, 33.33% a fair standard of living, and 10% a good standard of living. There were 96.67% reported a good level of care for the environment. The 57.5% have poor working conditions; 40.83% regular, and 1.67% good. The study concludes that a good educational level allows a better adaptation process; likewise, educational level was significantly associated with living and working conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yoya Flores–Pérez, Olga Mendoza-León, Luz Cruzado Saucedo, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Soto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing quality education with 5Ds design thinking-innovative pedagogy for creative planning in cultural projects
This quantitative study addressed the declining interest of young people in traditional culture and the lack of empirical evidence on innovative pedagogies to enhance student engagement and academic achievement. The research examined the efficacy of a novel 5Ds design thinking-based pedagogy—discover, define, design, develop, and deploy—in enhancing students’ design thinking mindsets and academic performance in cultural project planning. The study was conducted at Shanxi University of Finance and Economics and compared the average scores of an experimental group with 42 students (EG, n=42) and a control group (CG, n=37) from five classrooms with 194 students. The EG actively engaged with the 5Ds pedagogy, progressing through each stage to collaboratively develop cultural projects, while the CG received traditional instruction. Utilizing a 30-item design thinking mindset measurement (DTMM) scale and an 88-question achievement test, the study revealed significant improvements in the EG’s human-centeredness and mindfulness. Post-intervention academic achievement scores were substantially higher in the EG (M=60.09) compared to the CG (M=47.54), with a significant difference (t=-12.114, p<0.001). These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the 5Ds pedagogy in enhancing critical thinking, adaptability, and creativity, providing compelling evidence for integrating design thinking methodologies into higher education curricula to reinvigorate cultural education and improve student engagement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shiyong Zhang, Poonsri Vate-U-Lan, Panneepa Sivapirunthep http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Autism virtual reality education media integration in applied behavior analysis training
This study examined the impact of autism virtual reality education (autism VR-Ed) media in enhancing college student teachers’ skills in applied behavior analysis (ABA) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 40 student teachers from Guangxi College for Preschool Education, China, participated in a three-month experiment using a 9-task autism VR-Ed media. Pre- and post-tests showed significant improvement in ABA skills, with scores rising from 18.05 (SD=3.00) to 41.10 (SD=2.25), t(39)=-48.394, p<.05. All participants achieved over 60 points, confirming effective skill acquisition. A perception survey revealed positive attitudes toward the media, highlighting its ease of use, engagement, and relevance to future professional needs. These results demonstrated the potential of VR technology to bridge the gap between theory and practice in special education by offering immersive learning experiences. Autism VR-Ed media enhanced ABA training beyond traditional methods, supporting the professional growth of special education teachers. This study contributed to integrating VR technology into special education curricula and improving teacher training quality, thereby effectively supporting the rehabilitation of children with ASD. Future research should explore the long-term benefits of VR-based training and its broader applications and assess its impact on the learning outcomes of children with ASD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yunxia Nie, Poonsri Vate-U-Lan, Panneepa Sivapirunthep http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The role of social support and academic self-efficacy in enhancing academic engagement among undergraduates
Academic engagement is vital to students’ academic success, especially in higher education settings where motivation and support systems vary widely. This study investigated the influence of social support and academic self-efficacy on academic engagement among undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University. The main objectives were to determine the extent to which parental and peer support and students’ belief in their academic abilities correlate with their level of academic engagement. A correlational research design was used to guide the study. From a total population of about 20,000 undergraduate students enrolled in the 2023/2024 academic session, a sample of 403 students was randomly selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure equal representation. Data were collected using three standardized instruments: the social support questionnaire (SSQ), the academic self-efficacy questionnaire (ASEQ), and the academic engagement questionnaire (AEQ). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the research questions and hypotheses. Findings showed significant positive relationships between social support (both parental and peer), academic self-efficacy, and students’ academic engagement. These results highlight the importance of fostering supportive learning environments and building students’ confidence in their academic abilities. Practical implications suggest that universities should implement structured peer mentoring, parental involvement strategies, and workshops that enhance academic self-efficacy to improve student engagement and academic outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elizabeth Ifeoma Anierobi, Amjad Islam Amjad, Favour Amarachi Ubani, Sarfraz Aslam, Mohamad Ahmad Saleem Khasawneh, Huda Alshamsi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Professional training of future primary school teachers in the context of Kazakh ethnopsychology and ethnopedagogy
Within the realm of primary education, the educational content and structure for the present youth generation are aligned with state regulations and rooted in the national values and traditions of the people. National education content should be integrated into primary school programs, with a focus on nurturing it through the ethnopsychological features and ethnopedagogical traditions of the nation. With that in mind, this study aims to enhance the ethnopedagogical and ethnopsychological professional qualifications of primary school teachers with focus on their ability to incorporate Kazakh national spiritual values and traditions in educational process. Research methodology includes theoretical instruments, consisting of analytical, and synthetic techniques, as well as pedagogical experiment, conducted via elective course “developmental and pedagogical psychology” among two groups of third-year university students from the department of primary education. To evaluate the effectiveness of the teacher training techniques, proposed in this study, we conducted and compared results of preliminary and final assessment of students’ professional competence. The research outcomes show the beneficial nature of training techniques and include an analysis of the content of the training carried out. These research findings can be applied in the further development of the fields of pedagogy and primary school methodology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Serikkhan Zhuzeyev, Manat Zhailauova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Factors affecting career orientation: indigenous ethnic minority students in Vietnam’s Central Highlands
Career orientation competency (COC) plays a crucial role in preparing students for lifelong learning and labor market adaptability. However, existing research has largely overlooked how this competency develops among indigenous ethnic minority students in culturally diverse and educationally disadvantaged contexts such as Vietnam’s Central Highlands. Addressing this gap, the present study adopts the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to examine how personal, contextual, and behavioral factors interact to shape COC in this population. SCCT serves not only as a conceptual lens but also informs the development of the research model and interpretation of findings. A quantitative approach was employed using cross-sectional survey data collected from 669 ethnic minority students. Analytical techniques included reliability analysis (Cronbach’s alpha), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for construct validation, and multiple linear regression to test predictive relationships. Results revealed six key determinants of COC: self-awareness (SA), expectations for results (ER), personal goals (PG), community connection (CC), career exploration (CE), and cultural identity (CI). Notably, CI had the most significant effect (β=0.308), suggesting its central role in guiding career-related behaviors. These findings have important implications for both theory and practice. They extend SCCT by integrating culturally specific constructs relevant to marginalized communities and they highlight the need for context-responsive career guidance programs that recognize and leverage students’ cultural identities. The study contributes to the empirical foundation for inclusive education policy reforms targeting ethnic minority youth in Vietnam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Phung Viet Hai, Tran Thi Huong Xuan, Phung Thi To Loan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Phuong http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessment strategies in digital learning environments: insights from teacher education institutions
This study explores the adaptation of assessment strategies in teacher education programs within digital learning environments (DLEs). The perspectives and experiences of faculty members from teacher education institutions (TEIs) were analyzed using an embedded mixed-methods approach. The findings reveal significant advancements in enhancing instructor digital literacy and student engagement with DLEs. However, challenges such as the authenticity of assessments and increased student workload were identified. Faculty members recommended frequent feedback and authentic evaluations to address these issues. The study also highlights areas for improvement, including the diversification of evaluation tools, broader technology integration, and additional administrative support. These insights are crucial for TEIs to refine their assessment processes in DLE-based teacher training programs and contribute to ongoing discussions in ASEAN teacher education and global educational development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martin L. Nobis Jr., Benjielen C. De Guzman, Alegria P. Cui, Jennifer G. Evardone, Elena M. Pulga, Catherine L. Caparroso, Lourdes Hyacinth A. Sabalza, Amabelle C. Nobis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
STEM teaching competency framework for pre-service teacher: a study in Vietnam
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has been emphasized in Vietnam’s new general education curriculum; however, the teaching competencies of pre-service teachers in this area remain underexplored. This study addresses that gap by proposing and validating a STEM teaching competency framework tailored for pre-service teachers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including literature review, expert interviews, and surveys. The sample consisted of 400 participants— pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and lecturers—selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 24. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha (0.724) and construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results indicate that pre-service teachers face challenges in interdisciplinary integration, classroom organization, and technology application. The proposed framework includes five key domains: understanding STEM education, designing integrated lessons, organizing learning environments, implementing instruction, and evaluating and improving teaching practices. This study offers a reliable and practical tool to assess and enhance STEM teaching competencies. Its novelty lies in contextualizing competencies for pre-service teachers in Vietnam. The framework has practical implications for teacher training programs and policy development, and further application across teacher education institutions is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Phan Nguyen Truc Phuong, Bui Van Hong, Dinh Van De http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Big Five personality traits and entrepreneurial financing decisions among Malaysian university students
Psychological factors are increasingly recognized as crucial in shaping entrepreneurial behavior and outcomes. However, the uncertainty and ambiguity in the entrepreneurial landscape reveal a significant gap in our understanding of these influences. Examining how personality traits affect entrepreneurs’ ability to identify opportunities and secure funding is essential. More research is needed to explore the connections between personality, thought processes, and emotions in entrepreneurial finance. This study investigates the relationships between Big Five personality traits and entrepreneurial financing decisions (EFD), focusing on the mediating role of alertness and the moderating role of passion. Using a cross-sectional design, data from 485 Malaysian university students aspiring to become entrepreneurs were analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS. The findings indicate that traits like agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience enhance entrepreneurial alertness, influencing financing decisions. Additionally, higher levels of agreeableness and extraversion promote greater alertness regarding financing. Passion significantly amplifies the positive effects of alertness on financing decisions. However, conscientiousness and neuroticism do not directly or indirectly affect alertness. The study emphasizes the need for policymakers to enhance entrepreneurship education by integrating personality development and opportunity recognition training while balancing financial metrics with qualitative factors like passion and alertness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ying Ying Lim, Mary Lee Siew Cheng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A systematic review of the utilization of artificial intelligence applications within the educational Oman systems
In the wake of rapid digital transformation and the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing educational outcomes, this study investigates the integration of AI applications within the Omani educational portal under Oman’s Vision 2040. A systematic review was conducted using the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) database, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024. The six studies were selected for analysis following a rigorous screening process with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that AI is currently enhancing personalized learning, enabling data-driven decisionmaking, and supporting hybrid education platforms in Oman. These developments reflect the educational system’s readiness to adopt further AI technologies while directly contributing to the strategic priorities of Oman’s Vision 2040. This study provides important insights for decision-makers and educators looking to enhance the incorporation of advanced AI applications, thus revolutionizing educational practices and fostering sustainable national growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yousuf Nasser Said Al Husaini, Hamed Hilal Nasser Al Yahmadi, Mohammed Abdulla Salim Al Husaini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Perceptions and institutional readiness for generative AI adoption in education using a multi-method approach
The rapid emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools like ChatGPT is reshaping educational practices, presenting both transformative opportunities and institutional challenges. This study offers a novel, integrative framework for understanding the adoption of GenAI tools in higher education by combining quantitative and qualitative analyses within a hybrid methodological design. Specifically, it is the first to incorporate the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL), and the extended technology acceptance model (ETAM) in a unified model of adoption, augmented by thematic analysis of user experiences. A stratified random sample of 1,297 participants—comprising 1,191 students and 105 faculty members from various departments—ensured proportional representation across the university. AHP was employed to prioritize key adoption criteria, Fuzzy DEMATEL uncovered the causal interdependencies among constructs, and ETAM validated the direct and indirect effects influencing behavioral intention. Thematic analysis provided contextual depth regarding institutional barriers and individual perceptions. Findings reveal that attitude toward GenAI and intention to use (IU) are the strongest drivers of adoption. Notably, university support (US) emerged as a central enabler, significantly influencing both awareness and perceived usefulness (PU). This study contributes a comprehensive and multi-method framework that educational institutions can use to ethically, effectively, and equitably integrate GenAI technologies into academic ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ken Gorro, Elmo Ranolo, Lawrence Roble, Adrian Ybañez, Anthony Ilano, Joseph Pepito, Rue Nicole Santillan, Cesar Ranolo, Emardy Barbecho, Purity Mata, Anna Marie Neiz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cultivating words: integrating immersive technologies and translation in agricultural settings
This study explores an innovative pedagogical approach that integrates translation, educational technology, and virtual reality (VR) to enhance domain-specific language acquisition and digital engagement among undergraduate students in agricultural education. The 18 first-year students enrolled in “Agricultural Business Management” at Fan S. Noli University participated in a study combining immersive virtual experiences, translation tasks, and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Students used platforms like Google Earth VR and 360Cities to describe agricultural environments in Albanian, and translated these texts into English using human and machine translation (Google Translate). The translated texts were then visualized through DALL·E to stimulate reflection on the semantic representation of the original scenes. Mozilla Hubs supported collaborative analysis of translation quality and peer feedback. Statistical analysis using R software (version 4.3.1) included the Welch two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare translation outcomes. The results indicated significant improvement in technical vocabulary retention and increased students’ awareness of translation complexities. Moreover, students reported heightened motivation and positive attitudes toward technology-enhanced language learning. The study highlights the pedagogical value of immersive, interdisciplinary strategies in English for specific purposes (ESP), particularly in technical disciplines like agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alma Karasaliu, Ilir Palla http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prospective teachers’ views on faculty members as content creators
This study examines prospective teachers’ perceptions of faculty members as content creators in higher education, with a focus on how content development impacts effective teaching and learning. Using a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach, the research explores the experiences of 26 senior students from diverse academic backgrounds at a university in Northwestern Turkey. The participants were selected through maximum variation sampling, representing fields such as special education, elementary education, science, social studies, preschool, and mathematics teaching. The findings reveal that prospective teachers value faculty members’ use of technology to create engaging, personalized learning experiences. Faculty expertise in digital content creation and contemporary teaching tools plays a key role in shaping students’ pedagogical development and boosting their confidence. However, challenges such as varying technological proficiency levels hinder some prospective teachers from fully integrating content creation into their future teaching practices. The study underscores the importance of faculty expertise and technological competence in teacher preparation. It advocates for comprehensive professional development programs to enhance educators’ content creation skills and encourages collaborations between faculty and technology experts to develop effective educational content. The study calls for addressing technological adoption barriers and equipping prospective teachers with necessary skills for effective 21st-century teaching. Future research should build on these findings with quantitative methods to further explore students’ perspectives on content creation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Seyithan Demirdağ, Anang Widhi Nirwansyah, Aji Heru Muslim, Bimo Bramantio http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Readiness and motivation in digital civic engagement among tertiary students
This study addresses the challenge of enhancing civic engagement in higher education institutions by examining the predictive relationships between readiness, motivations, and digital civic engagement of tertiary students. Employing the quantitative, correlational research approach, data collected through survey questionnaires were analyzed using Minitab statistical software. Significant insights came from the 2,205 tertiary students selected through multistage random sampling, following strictly ethical standards to ensure data privacy and anonymity. As found, a moderate level of readiness underscores the need for targeted interventions, particularly to improve the civic behavior of students. Understanding and values motives emerged as dominant drivers of engagement, indicating the strong desire of students for personal growth and learning. While respondents occasionally exhibit digital engagement, it leans toward civic activities over political involvement, focusing primarily on information consumption rather than active collaboration. Emerging as a significant predictor of engagement, developing tailored initiatives to enhance readiness is crucial to positively influencing civic participation. Higher education institutions may use these findings to develop digital interventions that serve as catalysts for long-term civic engagement among students and engage in further research on other predictive factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Ann C. Abril, Johnrey N. Manzanal, Glenda M. Dimaano, Francisco V. Aguirre, Melvin V. Babol http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Interpersonal conflicts as a predictor of academic performance among secondary school students
There is a global concern about promoting peaceful coexistence in school learning environments. Interpersonal conflicts in schools can lead to academic difficulties and violent interactions among the students. The academic performance among students in Embu East Sub-County has not been satisfactory and has become an issue of concern. The study conducted a quantitative correlational study to determine the relationship between interpersonal conflicts and students’ academic performance. A correlational research design was used, involving a sample of 357 form 2 students sampled through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the interpersonal conflict questionnaire and document analysis. The items in the questionnaire yielded a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value of 0.759. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed a weak negative and statistically significant relationship between interpersonal conflicts and academic performance among the students (β=-0.152**, p=0.008). The study concludes that interpersonal conflict engagement among students leads to poor academic performance. Therefore, schools should prioritize integrating programs that build interpersonal and social skills among students to improve interpersonal relationships and academic performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abigael Cherono, Ciriaka Gitonga Muriithi, Elizabeth Atieno Obura http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Parental awareness in early education fostering child development
This study analyzes early childhood education (ECE) parental knowledge and active participation across Bangladesh particularly looking at their effects on child intellectual and social and emotional progress. It conducted detailed interviews using a qualitative methodology to understand the opinions of 30 parents who had children between 4 and 6 years old within various socio-economic environments and geographic locations. The analysis showed that higher ECE awareness among parents led to better childhood development support but parent choices were mainly determined by their social background and educational level as well as their evaluation of institutional quality. Education awareness levels among urban families surpass rural families and most disadvantaged parents show little knowledge about pre-primary education. Parents chose ECE institutions based on child-focused settings and qualified educators as well as play-based learning methods. Research evidence shows the critical role which parents play in children’s early education success which requires specific interventions for broadening knowledge and accessibility. The recommendations endorse community-based pre-primary programs while improving educational training for teachers and expanding quality pre-primary education services for families without sufficient resources. The findings serve as a basis to create inclusive policies that will strengthen parental involvement in ECE so Bangladesh can achieve development equality for children.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kanak Shrma Joy, Tamanna Ferdous, Fatema Begum Popy, Md. Shahriar Shafiq http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Language learning strategies in relation to advanced Chinese vocabulary and writing proficiency
The study investigated the relationship between the language learning strategies (LLSs) employed by international undergraduate students at universities in Qinghai Province, China, and their proficiency in advanced Chinese vocabulary and writing. Data was collected from 45 advanced-level students selected through purposive sampling, using Oxford’s strategy inventory for language learning (SILL), an advanced Chinese vocabulary knowledge test, and advanced Chinese writing test scores. The descriptive analysis revealed moderate language learning strategy usage, with a preference for speaking and listening development. This result indicates a limited strategy usage. The correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between strategy usage and advanced Chinese vocabulary or writing proficiency. However, a strong relationship was observed between advanced Chinese vocabulary and writing proficiency. The absent relationship between strategy usage and proficiency levels suggests insufficient Chinese language proficiency among the students. The significant relationship highlights the crucial role of vocabulary in enhancing Chinese writing skills. The results provide practical insights for enhancing the use of strategies and vocabulary teaching to improve advanced writing and Chinese proficiency among international undergraduate students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xinqin Liu, Mohammed Y.M. Mai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Smartphone use and its association with academic performance among university students in Bangladesh
Smartphone use has become integral to daily life, particularly among university students. While smartphones provide educational benefits, their overuse and addiction may negatively impact academic performance. This study investigates the prevalence of smartphone use, addiction levels, and their associations with academic performance among undergraduate students in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 615 undergraduate students from seven universities. The smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) measured addiction levels, while academic performance was assessed via self-reported cumulative grade point average (CGPA). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore associations. Among respondents, 29.1% were categorized as smartphone-addicted based on SAS-SV thresholds. Key predictors of higher academic performance (CGPA>3.0) included male gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.47–5.59, p<0.01), rural background (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11–2.43, p=0.01), and attending private universities (AOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28–2.74, p<0.01). Smartphone use for educational purposes was positively associated with better academic outcomes (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.95–2.30, p<0.01). Although smartphones are widely used for academic purposes, excessive use for stress relief or non-educational activities may harm academic outcomes. Interventions promoting responsible use and raising awareness about smartphone addiction are crucial for enhancing academic performance among university students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Biplob Hossain, Noyon Ali, Ahmed Al Sabbir, Faysal Ahmed Imran, Md. Shahjahan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development and evaluation of a re-sequenced intervention module in learning chemical bonding
In the typical high school chemistry curriculum, chemical bonding precedes the chemical reactions. In this study, the re-sequenced effect of learning chemical bonding when chemical reactions are introduced first among grade 9 learners was investigated. A learning module with re-sequenced intervention in chemical bonding was developed using analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation (ADDIE) model and validated by eight science education professionals rated as very satisfactory. A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the implementation phase with 129 respondents selected through cluster random sampling. Pre- and post-tests, formative and summative assessments, and evaluation surveys were administered. Evaluation results revealed that the scores from the re-sequenced intervention group displayed a slightly higher overall satisfaction percentage (99.06%) compared to the control group (94.74%). In addition, the experimental group achieved significantly higher competency levels (M=49.3, SD=19.4) compared to the control group (M=41.4, SD=15.3), with p=0.016 and d=0.37. Furthermore, students reported positive perceptions despite initial misconceptions. These findings highlight that re-sequencing topic order enhances chemistry learning outcomes and student engagement. Hence, the re-sequenced learning module became a valuable tool for enhancing understanding of chemical bonding, independent of baseline competency or attitudes toward the material.
Copyright (c) 2025 Baby Eve N. Asequia, Leemarc C. Alia, Kevin Client B. Matutes http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Digital skills for science-based teaching among Jordanian science teachers: evidence from DiKoLAN framework
This study examines the digital competencies of Jordanian science teachers using the DiKoLAN framework, assessing seven key domains: presentation (PRE), documentation (DOC), data processing (DAP), communication and collaboration (COM), information search and evaluation (ISE), data acquisition (DAQ), and simulation and modelling (SIM). Employing a mixed-methods design, it integrates survey data from 164 teachers with interview insights from 14 participants. The findings show high proficiency in PRE (M=4.48) and DOC (M=4.28), but lower scores in SIM (M=3.53), reflecting limited integration of advanced tools like artificial intelligence (AI) simulations. Private school teachers reported greater access to resources and training, while public school counterparts faced infrastructural and developmental barriers. The results highlight the need for targeted, subject-specific training and equitable resource allocation to support digital integration in science education. These insights inform policy and curriculum development aimed at bridging digital competency gaps.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sameera M. Alshorman, Saed Y. Aldaraghmeh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Design and psychometric validation of the research competency scale for university students in Peru
Research competence is essential for the academic and professional development of university students. However, in the context of Lima, Peru, no specific, valid, and reliable instruments have been found to assess this competency comprehensively. This deficiency reveals a significant knowledge gap in the accurate assessment of research competencies in university students. Therefore, in the present research, a scale was constructed and validated to effectively assess research competence in university students. As methodology, the quantitative approach was used, following three processes: item construction, item functionality, and psychometric analysis. A sample of 216 students was used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and 206 for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The final version of the research competency scale for university students comprises 37 items distributed across five dimensions identified through EFA: epistemic knowledge (10 items), interpretation skills (5 items), methodological knowledge (9 items), scientific communication (6 items), and information management (7 items). CFA supported the adequacy of the model (root mean square error of approximation/RMSEA=0.064; comparative fit index/CFI=0.918; Tucker-Lewis Index/TLI=0.911), and the scale demonstrated high internal consistency. The validated scale reliably measures research competence and can improve teaching, assessment, and curriculum design.
Carmen Julia de los Milagros Luperdi-Román
Copyright (c) 2025 Carmen Julia de los Milagros Luperdi-Román, Félix Fernando Goñi-Cruz, Angel Deroncele-Acosta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Change management in higher education: unveiling employee responses at a regional state university in the Philippines
This study examines the perceptions and lived experiences of employees at Romblon State University (RSU) in response to organizational change and the influence of academic leadership. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was applied involving 12 purposively selected employees from different campuses and academic ranks. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Thematic analysis produced five themes: perceptions of change as a strategic necessity, areas identified for improvement, reactions to the rationalization plan, employee adaptation, and leadership’s central role in facilitating change. Findings point to both opportunities and challenges within institutional transformation, emphasizing the importance of effective communication, leadership engagement, and employee participation. Based on these results, the study proposes the framework consisting of resource optimization, adaptation, vision, enhancements, and the role of leadership to guide change processes (RAVER). The framework provides practical guidance for higher education leaders aiming to build a responsive and resilient organizational culture. This study contributes theoretical and practical insights by showing how phenomenological inquiry can enrich models of change management in Philippine higher education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roy F. Fiedacan, Philip R. Baldera, Emelyn R. Villanueva, Reynaldo P. Ramos, Emelia B. Ramos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From family to classroom: mediating roles in promoting social and emotional learning among early adolescents
This research aims to examine the influence of authoritative parenting (PAREN), cooperative learning (COOP), school environment (ENVI), positive classroom climate (CLASS), and extrovert personality (EXTRO) on social and emotional learning (SEL), as well as analyze the complexity of mediating variable roles linking these factors. The sample consisted of 684 lower secondary school students from the upper northern region of Thailand. Questionnaires were used for data collection, and analysis was conducted using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. Research findings revealed complex structures among factors collectively explaining 67.37% of SEL variance. PAREN emerged as the most powerful driving force followed by school factors, namely COOP and CLASS, which demonstrated strong interconnection while ENVI showed only indirect influence through EXTRO. Furthermore, CLASS and EXTRO functioned as significant mediating variables between classroom factors and SEL. However, EXTRO did not play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting and SEL, reflecting that family influence remains the primary factor determining SEL development in Thai youth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pantipa Thiamta, Suntonrapot Damrongpanit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development of research competences in undergraduate students
This study addresses the limited involvement of university students in research activities, which reflects a significant gap in the development of key research competencies for their academic and professional advancement. Lack of involvement restricts essential skills such as problem formulation, rigorous data analysis and communication of findings, preventing students from generating relevant knowledge and meeting the challenges of their future careers. Through a systematic review of the literature on the development of research competencies in undergraduate students, using reliable sources such as Scielo, Dialnet and other academic journals, this study identified effective methodologies to foster such competencies. Rigorous exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and timeliness of the selected studies. In conclusion, educational strategies such as flipped learning and research workshops were found to have a positive impact on the development of research competences, enhancing both technical and transversal skills, such as innovation and critical thinking. These methodologies prepare students for academic and professional challenges and foster a research culture in educational institutions. This article explicitly identifies and synthesizes innovative educational strategies (flipped learning, Lean startup, and research workshops) that have a proven impact on strengthening both technical and transversal research competences in undergraduates in Latin America. This systematic approach and regional focus are not found in prior reviews.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carmen Lily Winchez Aylas, Patricia Bejarano Alvarez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The relationship between physical activity engagement and internet addiction among students in rural academia
This study explores the relationship between physical activity engagement and internet addiction among university students in a rural Philippine academic setting—an understudied context where digital reliance and limited physical access converge. Employing a rigorous quantitative approach through a descriptive-correlational design, the study involved 892 respondents selected via simple random sampling from a premier state university. Data were gathered using the culturally adaptable international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the internet addiction test (InAT), both established and reliable tools for assessing physical activity levels and problematic internet use. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient, were utilized to analyze patterns and relationships within the data. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between physical activity engagement and internet addiction, suggesting that higher physical activity is associated with lower levels of problematic internet use. This finding underscores the protective role of physical activity against digital overdependence and highlights the need to contextualize behavioral health strategies within rural academic environments. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers aiming to support student well-being through integrative health and technology-use frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jomar B. Esto, Lara Ivanah C. Nadela, Marichu A. Calixtro, Cheeze R. Janito, Evangeline S. Gaspar, Ruben L. Tagare, Jr., Argin A. Gulanes, Michelle R. Dee, Japy O. Sumambot, Pink Floyd M. Boyles, Erika Acera, William R. Pregunta, Jan Lincoln C. Rivas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Team up for better learning: evaluating team-based learning in anatomy education
This study evaluated the effectiveness of team-based learning (TBL) in teaching musculoskeletal anatomy compared to traditional lectures. A total of 267 second-year medical students participated. Student performance was assessed using pre- and post-tests, and results were analyzed with a paired t-test (p<.05), revealing significantly higher anatomy scores following TBL. Student perceptions were explored through a Likert-scale questionnaire analyzed descriptively, and focus group discussions (FGDs), which were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Students reported that TBL enhanced their understanding of musculoskeletal anatomy and added value by illustrating clinical relevance, encouraging active learning, promoting discussion and communication skills, improving motivation, and reinforcing class preparedness. TBL also fostered knowledge integration, critical thinking, and peer teaching. Despite its benefits, students noted challenges such as limited in-depth discourse, varying group dynamics, subjective peer evaluations, and logistical constraints like unsuitable room setups. Overall, the findings suggest that TBL is an effective alternative to traditional lectures in anatomy education, supporting both academic performance and the development of key competencies essential for future medical professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asty Amalia Nurhadi, Linda Jones, Budu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing professional skills of prospective teachers in Kazakhstan through digital technologies
The study’s relevance stems from the increasing integration of digital technologies (DT) in education and the growing need for future educators to develop digital competencies. As teaching methods evolve to incorporate innovative tools, understanding how DT can effectively enhance professional skills (PS) is critical for preparing prospective teachers to meet the demands of 21st-century classrooms. This study aims to investigate digital technology’s effectiveness in enhancing prospective teachers’ PS. The research sample comprised 178 prospective teachers from the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University. Participants in the digital training constituted the sample of prospective teachers in the experimental group (EG). The results’ correlation shows that the groups’ indicators before and after the digital training differed significantly. The beneficial dynamics of dependent variables brought about by the digital training attest to the efficacy of the current pedagogical support in terms of enhancing the PS of teacher candidates. Given the country’s ongoing educational reforms and efforts to modernize the system, this study fills a crucial gap by providing region-specific insights and offering practical insights for enhancing the PS of prospective teachers, which can be applied in pedagogical universities. These findings help to bridge the theory-practice gap by investigating the practical applications of digital tools in skill development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zheniskul Assylbayeva, Sazhila Nurzhanova, Nessibeli Kurman, Ulzhalgas Yessim, Maira Kudaibergenova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Practical instruction and mathematics academic achievement in selected Ugandan secondary schools
The challenges met in academic achievement of learners in mathematics at secondary school level are enormous. Taking a glance at the academic achievement of learners in mathematics in Uganda, poor academic achievement becomes more and more striking. It is a puzzle to understand the origin of the causes of this poor academic achievement despite the prominence and significance bestowed upon it by the Ugandan government and society at large. It is accepted that ways mathematics is taught have high impact on learners’ achievements. Therefore, an investigation on the effect of practical instruction (PI) on learners’ academic achievement in mathematics is timely. The study was carried out using a total of 383 senior three students from eight secondary schools both private and government aided schools. It involved a quantitative approach using mathematics achievement test (MAT). The results revealed that PI affects learners’ academic achievement positively in mathematics. They showed that learners that were taught using PI improved in their academic achievement more than their counterparts in the post-test examination. Considering these findings, the study recommends proactive measures to ensure the widespread adoption of PI strategies in secondary school classrooms. This includes revising curriculum standards, providing teacher training programmers, and allocating resources to support the implementation of PI, thereby fostering learning outcomes in mathematics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Frank Murangira, Alphonse Uworwabayeho, Innocent Twagilimana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cross-cultural exploration of stylized performance: traditional Chinese training methods in drama education
This study explores the effectiveness of stylized performance training in cross-cultural drama education, focusing on how symbolic body language conveys emotions and character intent. Originating from traditional Chinese theatre, stylized training was adapted to help students from diverse cultural backgrounds achieve emotional resonance and cohesive character portrayal. Employing a participatory action research (PAR) design, the 16-week experiment involved performing arts students from six cultures, using iterative feedback and reflective practices to track changes in emotional expression and adaptation to symbolic movements. The training included three phases: basic training, emotional integration, and applied practice. Data was collected through classroom observations, interviews, feedback forms, and peer evaluations. Findings show that participants improved in non-verbal emotional expression, effectively conveying emotions across cultural barriers. Supported by Pavis’s “intercultural theatre” theory and Mead’s symbolic interactionism, the study highlights stylized performance’s potential to enhance cross-cultural emotional resonance in drama education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jingying Zhang, Syahrul Fithri Musa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing character strengths and resilience in primary education: an online Quranic stories-based program
This study investigated the effectiveness of an online Quranic stories-based program in enhancing character strengths and resilience among primary school students. Using a randomized controlled design, 64 students (aged 11-13 years) from Housh Eissa School in Egypt were assigned to experimental (n=33) and control (n=31) groups. The intervention involved ten online sessions on five major Quranic civilizations, measuring character strengths and resilience using the validated 23-item character strengths test and ego-resiliency scale. Data were collected at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the experimental group across all 23-character strength dimensions (p<.01, partial η² ranging from .116 to .529) and resilience (F=34.245, partial η²=.529). Notable enhancements were observed in judgment (F=11.775, partial η²=.279), self-control (F=10.269, partial η²=.252), and beauty appreciation (F=10.824, partial η²=.262). These improvements were maintained during the follow-up period, with the experimental group consistently outperforming the control group. The study suggests that online Quranic stories-based interventions can effectively enhance character strengths and resilience in primary school students, demonstrating a promising approach for character education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Samir Ahmed Zekary, Gomaa Zakaria Saleh, Ashraf Ragab Ibrahim, Elsayed Atef El-Hashimi, Mustafa Mohamed Yussuf, Mohamed Ali Nemt-Allah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing informatics teacher training in Kazakhstan through dual education and specialized educational platforms
This study addresses the gap between traditional informatics teacher training in Kazakhstan and the practical demands of modern classrooms. It explores the integration of dual education and the informaticedu.kz digital platform as a means to enhance methodological and practical competencies among future teachers. A mixed-methods design was used, involving 24 students from Pavlodar Pedagogical University. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and qualitative interviews. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and correlation analysis, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The findings showed that the platform significantly supported lesson planning and methodological development, particularly among 4th-year students who rated the tool more positively than 3rd-year students. High correlations were found between understanding lesson structure and effective planning. However, participants reported a lack of interactive content such as case studies and problem-solving tasks. The results suggest that integrating dual education with specialized digital platforms enhances informatics teacher training. Still, to maintain relevance and effectiveness, platforms must evolve to include more interactive and adaptive features tailored to different training stages.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alima Seitaliyeva, Nurzhan Shyndaliyev, Dinara Kalmanova, Assemgul Kaipova, Kaussar Mukhtarkyzy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Training pedagogical competence for teachers: a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database
Pedagogical competence training for teachers is an intensive training process to improve teachers’ knowledge, skills, and teaching ability. The change in teaching and research and the development of science and technology have affected the training of pedagogical competency for teachers in many countries. An analysis of the publications related to these paints a general picture of significant trends and contributions by scientists and has implications for policymakers and researchers alike. The study used bibliographic analysis to analyze 344 documents extracted from the Scopus database related to pedagogical competence training for teachers. The results show that the number of studies on this topic increased sharply, especially from 2015 to 2022 and mainly from studies in the United States and developed countries. In addition, the most concerning issues are higher education, professional development, and teacher training. Policymakers and researchers can find prominent authors, influential studies, and regularly published journals on teacher training to read and write about. Further studies based on a combination of bibliographic analysis and other methods may help paint a deeper picture of the research findings on this topic.
Copyright (c) 2025 Viet Nga Thi Nguyen, Phuong Lien Lai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The effect of dramatic play on early literacy: an experimental study
In line with the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, the aim of the present study is to examine the effect of the dramatic play activities program on the early literacy skills of preschool children. The study is based on an experimental research design with pretest-posttest and control group. While the dependent variable of the study is children’s early literacy skills, the independent variable is dramatic play activity. Early literacy test (EROT) was used as data collection tool. The participants of the present study consist of 32 children divided equally as the participants of the experimental and control group. The age of the children is between 63-72 months. The children in the experimental group participated in a program of dramatic play activities over a period of 10 weeks, 5 days each week, 2 hours daily for 100 hours in total. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), t-test, and descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of the data. In line with the data obtained in the present study, dramatic play activity program positively affects the early literacy skills of preschool children in terms of receptive language and expressive language vocabulary acquisition, naming skills, functional knowledge, and listening comprehension skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatih Mehmet Aslan, Yasemin Yüzbaşıoğlu, Ayşe Alptekin, Ayşegül Sarıkaya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of VR technology in physics teaching on students’ knowledge: a study on body acceleration
The integration of virtual reality (VR) technology into education represents a promising innovation, particularly in enhancing the effectiveness of physics teaching. Traditional physics instruction often lacks interactive and immersive elements, which can limit students’ understanding of complex physical phenomena. This study addresses the challenge of improving comprehension of body acceleration by incorporating VR-based laboratory simulations. A quasi-experimental design was implemented, involving 222 university students randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group conducted virtual experiments using VR simulations developed with Blender and Unity software, while the control group engaged in traditional lab activities. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests and analyzed using independent t-tests and G*Power software to assess statistical significance. The results revealed a notable improvement in learning outcomes for students exposed to VR-enhanced instruction, demonstrating increased engagement, deeper conceptual understanding, and improved ability to connect theoretical knowledge with practical application. This study confirms that VR technology is a powerful tool for modernizing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and holds significant potential for improving cognitive outcomes and student motivation in scientific learning environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bakitzhan Kurbanbekov, Sherzod Ramankulov, Makpal Nurizinova, Beksultan Asanbek http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Emotional intelligence in teaching: a key to performance and institutional climate in basic education
This study addresses the lack of understanding regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), teaching performance, and institutional climate (IC) in basic education. As a solution, the study proposes evaluating and strengthening teachers’ EI to enhance both their performance and the school environment. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational design, the research analyzed a randomly selected sample of 145 teachers. Validated questionnaires measured dimensions such as self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills, as well as teaching preparation and IC. The results reveal significant positive correlations between EI and IC (r=0.85) and between teaching performance and IC (r=0.78). This suggests that higher EI not only improves teaching effectiveness but also fosters a positive institutional environment. The study concludes that enhancing teachers’ EI can optimize both their performance and institutional dynamics, contributing to higher-quality education. The findings support the implementation of EI training programs as a key strategy to improve teaching performance and the school climate (SC).
Copyright (c) 2025 Benjamín Maraza-Quispe, Victor Hugo Rosas-Iman, Giuliana Feliciano-Yucra, Atilio Cesar Martinez-Lopez, Elizabeth Katherine Ortiz-Corimaya, Walter Choquehuanca-Quispe, Frida Karina Coasaca-Hancco, Luis Elfer Nuñez-Saavedra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Adopting the principal instructional management rating scale for enhancing instructional delivery in Nigerian schools
This study explores the validation and application of the principal instructional management rating scale (PIMRS) for enhancing instructional leadership in Nigerian secondary schools. This was achieved by checking its content, face, construct, and reliability, with a focus on how clear the language was and how it related to culture. A sample of 100 secondary school teachers from four schools in North-Central Nigeria participated in this research. Expert reviews ensured content validity, while the instrument demonstrated high reliability, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.95. The subscales for the three dimensions achieved acceptable reliability: 0.83 for defining the school mission (DSM), 0.87 for managing the instructional program (MIP), and 0.91 for shaping the school learning climate (SLC). The results also showed strong positive relationships between the PIMRS dimensions, which supports the tool’s usefulness for evaluating how Nigerian schools handle instructional leadership. This study provides a robust foundation for further research on instructional leadership in Nigeria and offers a validated tool to improve school leadership practices, enhance instructional delivery, and ultimately foster student achievement. The adoption of the PIMRS in Nigerian secondary schools has the potential to drive systemic improvements in school effectiveness and instructional leadership. The findings suggest refining the sub-scales of monitoring halls, venues, and instructional feedback to teachers (IFT) for enhanced reliability. Additionally, capacity-building workshops for principals and integration of PIMRS into leadership training programs, as well as policy adoption for standardized evaluation, are essential for successful implementation and improved instructional leadership.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hafsat Aliyu Bada, Habibat Abubakar Yusuf, Jumoke Iyabode Oladele, Peter Babajide Oloba http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Culture-based teaching practices of teachers in a Philippine-Chinese school: narratives and insights
Philippine-Chinese schools have been in existence for several decades. This study explores the influence of Chinese culture on Filipino teachers’ pedagogical and content delivery, language and social interaction, and their practices and constructions while teaching in a Chinese school. Through a descriptive–qualitative approach to explore the experiences, 12 non-Chinese teachers were purposively chosen to participate in the study. Guided by the validated interview guide and the qualitative data analysis steps by Braun and Clarke, six themes emerged: bilingual pedagogy, cultural values integration, language immersion, technology in education, thriving through diversity, support and collegiality. The study revealed the enriching interaction between Chinese cultural influences and Filipino teaching practices, suggesting the need for ongoing professional development that enhances cultural competence, innovative pedagogical strategies, and supportive teaching communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Remedios C. Bacus, Rivika C. Alda, Helen B. Boholano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Practice of lateral dominance: an early evaluation strategy in children from the rural area of Puno
The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice of lateral dominance as an early evaluation strategy in children from the rural area of Puno, Peru. Early assessment of lateral dominance is crucial for understanding a child’s cognitive and motor development. This study focused on children attending a school for children with learning disabilities in the rural Initial Educational Institution Camacani within the Local Educational Management Unit of Puno, located in the southern region of the Province of Puno, under the jurisdiction of the Platería District. A total of 100 children (50 boys and 50 girls), aged 5 years, were selected for the study. The research was descriptive-quantitative in nature, aimed at evaluating the dominance of four dimensions—hands, feet, ears, and eyes—using the Harris test. The findings revealed that lateral dominance in both boys and girls was characterized by poorly affirmed laterality in 60% of the cases and crossed laterality in 40%. This suggests that at the age of 5 years, the children were still in the developmental stage of lateralization, with no clear dominance of the left or right hemisphere. Based on the results, it was concluded that lateral dominance in these children was not yet fully established. Furthermore, the study emphasized the importance of incorporating psychomotor activities during early childhood development to promote the continuous improvement of laterality, motor skills, and spatial orientation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nelly Olga Zela-Payi, Haydee Clady Ticona-Arapa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The integration of scaffolding and augmented reality in physics learning
Physics learning often involves problem-solving in mathematical calculation that has become one of the many challenges among high school students. The integration of scaffolding and augmented reality (AR) has the potential to improve students’ understanding in problem-solving involving mathematical calculation in physics learning. Therefore, this study aims to increase gravitational knowledge among high school students using AR learning kit with the integration of scaffolding. This study employed mixed method case study research design and involved 15 high school students in urban areas. Data was collected using semi structured interview and pre and post gravitation test then analyzed using qualitative thematic analytic and descriptive statistics. The findings showed that an AR learning kit integrating scaffolding named FizaAR has increased gravitational knowledge among high school students in physics learning. The findings further indicated that scaffolding element employed in FizaAR have the feature of simplified small subtopics help to increase confidence among students in physics learning. Consequently, the AR learning kit might enhance high school students’ understanding of physics. This study found that integrating scaffolding and AR would help physics education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nurqualbiah Mat Karim, Aidah Abdul Karim, Fariza Khalid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Professional competencies and graduates employability in Oman
The unemployment crisis among graduates is a global issue that receives considerable attention from countries. However, in the Omani context, employers and policymakers argue that it stems from a lack of professional competencies rather than a shortage of jobs. Therefore, this paper focuses on studying the impact of graduates’ professional competencies on employability from the perspective of graduates of the University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTAS) in Oman. The study examines graduates’ perceptions of professional competencies that directly affect employability within the context of the Omani labor market. It explores the relationship between Omani graduates’ professional competence and the skills gap between graduates and the requirements of the labor market in Oman. The study employed a quantitative approach, with data collected via a questionnaire distributed to 100 graduates from the UTAS in Oman. The study applied exploratory factor analysis using SPSS to test the factors influencing graduates’ employability. The main findings concluded that graduates believe they are professionally competent but cannot identify a consensus on the competence barrier preventing them from being employed. Based on these findings, the study recommends a unified guideline of competencies required by Oman’s labor market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ghanim Faiz Al Harrasi, Masoud Suliman Al Salmani, Maram Ghanim Al Harrasi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Utilization of innovative educational applications for developing the spiritual and creative potential of future educators
Contemporary training of future educators necessitates the development of not only professional but also spiritual and creative qualities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an online course utilizing a chatbot to enhance the spiritual and creative potential of students in pedagogical disciplines. The research involved 534 of 4thyear students from two universities in Kazakhstan, divided into an experimental group (n=268) and a control group (n=266). The experimental group completed six modules covering creative thinking, spiritual development, public speaking, and other aspects of self-development. Pre- and post-course surveys assessed five indicators of spiritual health: vitality, resilience, values, meaning, and openness to change. The intervention resulted in a significant improvement in three key indicators: resilience, values, and meaning. These enhancements are likely to contribute to better preparation of future educators by strengthening their resilience to professional challenges, helping them understand their values and goals, and enhancing their awareness of the significance of education for society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elvira Yeshenkulova, Kulimkhan Arymbayeva, Gulzhan Maulenberdieva, Dinara Yeshenkulova, Ulzharkyn Abdigapbarova, Kristina Kolesnik http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Beyond awareness: an assessment of reading program implementation in Butuan City, Philippines
This study assessed the levels of awareness and implementation of every child a reader program (ECARP) in public elementary schools within South Butuan District-I, Butuan City Division, Philippines. Additionally, it sought to determine the relationship between the awareness levels of teachers and school heads and the program’s implementation. A mixed-method design was used, with survey questionnaires administered to 105 respondents, representing 95% of the district’s teachers and school administrators. Analysis of the collected data revealed that participants exhibited high awareness regarding the components of implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and reading assessment. The implementation of ECARP was rated as very satisfactory. Furthermore, a significant relationship was identified between the levels of awareness and implementation, underscoring the importance of guideline awareness for effective program execution. The study concludes that heightened awareness of ECARP guidelines is crucial for achieving a well-implemented reading program. These findings offer a valuable contribution to the field of education by providing a localized analysis of the reading program, highlighting both its challenges and successes. The study introduces data that can inform future policy adjustments, while offering new insights for enhancing existing reading programs and guiding the development of localized intervention plans.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jereco F. Cultura, Ariel U. Cubillas, Trixie E. Cubillas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessment apps to evaluate students’ reading progress in English classroom
The traditional way to assess students’ reading progress hinders their motivation and engagement, which negatively affects their academic performance. Therefore, this study seeks to address the issue by analyzing the effectiveness of three interactive technological assessment tools: Kahoot, Quizizz, and Socrative, as alternatives for assessing English as foreign language (EFL) students’ reading comprehension, as well as exploring the students’ perceptions about the use of these technological tools. This quasi-experimental study involved mixed method approach and consider 60 senior high school students of Loja, South of Ecuador as a purposive sample. There were outlined advantages and drawbacks linked to three assessment technological tools applied; however, Socrative revealed to be the most effective. Effectiveness seemed contingent upon several variables, such as the educational goals, functionalities of the tools, and the students’ settings. Additionally, the use of technological tools provided a range of resources to enhance dynamism and engagement of learning by facilitating interaction among students. In essence, this resulted in the consolidation of new knowledge, enabling students to retain information over an extended duration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gina Karina Camacho-Minuche, Eva Ulehlova, Verónica Espinoza-Celi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Post-pandemic barriers to inferential and critical reading: a mixed-methods study
The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 and 2022 results expose the alarming problem in the Philippines’ reading comprehension, a situation worsened by pandemic-related disruptions. This study investigates the specific reading comprehension skills where students struggle most and the factors contributing to these difficulties in a post-pandemic context. Using an explanatory sequential design, the researchers conducted reading assessments for the 30 grade 7 students, followed by interviews with 12 students and 5 teachers selected through purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics indicated that students faced the most challenges with inferential and critical-level skills, highlighting gaps in higher-order thinking. Thematic analysis identified contributing factors, including lack of reading engagement, lack of linguistic competence, remote learning repercussions, challenges from screen dependency, and environmental influences. These challenges highlight the long-term impact of the pandemic on reading development. To address this, the educational system must strengthen teacher training in reading instruction to promote active student engagement. Educators are encouraged to develop age- and interest-appropriate reading materials, use technology in reading instruction, and foster collaboration between schools, communities, and families. Targeted interventions are essential to rebuild and enhance students’ reading comprehension skills, ensuring they can meet the demands of higher-order thinking in a post-pandemic world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Josh Erick G. Albarico, Marcelina S. Deiparine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
New qualitative perspective in students’ English presentation skills in China-developing a student-based module
Since English is the world’s lingua franca, English learners need to master communication skills to succeed in their respective fields. However, Chinese college students face the problem of separation between learning and using what they learned in the traditional English classrooms. This study aims to explore the university students’ needs of English presentation learning. The research questions are: i) What are the students’ language needs to improve an English presentation? ii) What are the skills needed when doing an English presentation? and iii) What are the students’ preferences in English presentation class? The researchers conducted focus-group interviews (FGI) which were participated by 30 students and semi-structured interview for five teachers to understand the students’ real needs and preferences in the process of learning English speaking. Three themes were generated by axial coding from the interview data: i) English language needs; ii) presentation skills’ needs; and iii) students’ preferences.The findings can help the teacher design the English-speaking class more effective and have adjustments according to students’ real productions using production-oriented approach in English presentation teaching.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lifang Sun, Hanita Hanim Ismail, Azlina Abdul Aziz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A systematic review of gamified learning motivation for English language among undergraduates
Undergraduate students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) is influenced by multiple factors, yet traditional teaching methods often fail to sustain engagement, leading to learning disengagement and sub-optional outcomes. The increasing integration of gamified learning has shown potential in addressing this challenge, but its effectiveness remains unclear, necessitating a systematic synthetic of existing research. This systematic review employs the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework to examine 313 studies retrieved from Education Resources Information Center (ERIC),Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus, narrowing them down to 36 relevant articles. The review categorizes findings into five key themes: i) teaching techniques and strategies; ii) learning environments and styles; iii) psychological and cultural factors; iv) technological support; and v) individual learner variables. The results highlight the positive impact of game-based learning, personalized instruction, and technology-enhanced approaches to motivation. However, psychological challenges, such as burnout and anxiety, remain significant barriers. The studyreveals research gaps, particularly regarding the long-term impact of gamified learning on EFL motivation, underscoring the need for further empirical investigation to optimize gamification strategies in EFL education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Minjuan Chen, Wee Hoe Tan, Sze Seau Lee, Jiaming Sun http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Students’ and teachers’ perceptions and experiences of using social media in learning foreign languages
The benefits of social media applications have emerged as an advancement in teaching and learning foreign languages. However, it falls short of studies investigating the perspectives and experiences of educators and learners about social media usage in Vietnamese tertiary education contexts in rural areas. Therefore, this study examined the perceptions and experiences of teachers and students regarding the application of social media in foreign language learning at a university in the Mekong Delta, Southern Vietnam. The study was conducted with the participation of 199 students and 20 teachers. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting data from questionnaires, and an in-depth interview. The findings showed that most teachers and students had a positive attitude towards applying this mode to teaching and learning foreign languages. However, they indicated some problems when utilizing those methods. Additionally, they suggested some measures for blending direct teaching and learning with social media based on their experience. The research results provided more insights into this field in the literature, especially in local settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Le Thanh Nguyet Anh, Bui Thanh Tinh, Nguyen Van Canh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Perceptions of audiovisual media in vocabulary acquisition among English learners: benefits and challenges
Learning vocabulary through English audiovisual materials has long been a popular method among students. With the advancement of digital technology, this approach has gained even more attraction, leading to a growing number of studies that have investigated its effectiveness. However, there is a notable scarcity of research addressing the challenges that students face; therefore, the current study aims to explore students’ perspectives on the challenges along with the benefits of using audiovisual media as tools for learning vocabulary. This study was done through a quantitative approach using a questionnaire that included both open-ended and closed-ended questions. With the participation of 132 senior English-major students at Thu Dau Mot University in Vietnam, the study collected 117 valid questionnaires that provided valid data for analysis. Through descriptive statistics, the results reveal the improvements in pronunciation and listening skills, enhanced understanding of slang and idiomatic expressions, and increased exposure to the natural use of the target language. However, the findings also reveal that this method poses challenges for students, including misunderstandings stemming from the use of formal or informal language and an over-reliance on audiovisual media. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for structured guidance to foster language learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xuan Hong Nguyen Thi, Thanh Thai Nguyen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prospective classroom teachers’ views on instructional technologies and web-based digital educational tools
This study examined prospective classroom teachers’ perceptions of instructional technologies and the web-based digital tools they actively use. Using a case study design with semi-structured interviews, data were collected from 15 prospective teachers who had completed an instructional technology course. The findings show that participants strongly emphasized the necessity of technology integration in education. The most commonly used tools included assessment, visual–infographic design, coding, drawing–shaping, augmented and virtual reality, animation, interactive presentations, and artificial intelligence. These tools were found to significantly support effective and efficient learning, enhance motivation, and promote sustainable learning. Accordingly, the study recommends the systematic use of web-based digital tools to support digital transformation in education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Görkem Avcı, Elvan Subaşıoğlu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0